What is framework?

A framework is a set of tools and conventions that provide a structure for building and organizing software applications. A framework typically includes a set of libraries and functions that can be used to perform common tasks, as well as a set of guidelines for organizing and structuring the code.

The main purpose of a framework is to make it easier for developers to build and maintain software applications by providing a consistent set of tools and conventions. This can help to reduce the amount of boilerplate code that needs to be written, as well as making it easier to understand and modify the codebase.

There are many different types of frameworks, including web application frameworks, mobile application frameworks, and game development frameworks. Each type of framework is designed to support the development of a specific type of application, and may include specific tools and features that are relevant to that type of application.

Some examples of popular frameworks include:

  • Laravel (web application framework for PHP)
  • Ruby on Rails (web application framework for Ruby)
  • Angular (web application framework for JavaScript)
  • React Native (mobile application framework for JavaScript)
  • Unity (game development framework for C#)

What is CakePHP?

CakePHP is a free, open-source, rapid development framework for PHP. It is designed to make it easier for developers to write and maintain web applications by providing a set of conventions and tools that simplify common web development tasks.

Some of the key features of CakePHP include:

  • MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture: CakePHP follows the MVC architectural pattern, which separates the application logic, presentation, and data storage layers. This makes it easier to develop and maintain large applications.
  • Built-in ORM (Object-Relational Mapping): CakePHP includes a built-in ORM called CakePHP ORM, which makes it easier to work with relational databases by providing a simple, ActiveRecord-like interface.
  • Validation: CakePHP includes a set of validation tools that make it easy to validate data before it is saved to the database.
  • Request handling: CakePHP provides a set of tools for handling HTTP requests, including routing, URL generation, and HTTP client functionality.
  • Security: CakePHP includes a number of security features to help protect your application from common security vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).

CakePHP is known for its simplicity and ease of use, making it a popular choice for developers building web applications. It is also well-documented, with a large community of users and developers contributing to the project.

What is Laravel?

Laravel is a free, open-source PHP web framework used for web application development. It was created by Taylor Otwell in 2011 and has since become one of the most popular PHP frameworks.

Laravel is designed to make it easier for developers to write web applications by providing a set of tools and features that simplify common web development tasks. Some of the key features of Laravel include:

  • MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture: Laravel follows the MVC architectural pattern, which separates the application logic, presentation, and data storage layers. This makes it easier to develop and maintain large applications.
  • Database migrations: Laravel provides a set of tools for managing database schema changes, including creating and modifying tables and columns.
  • Object-relational mapping (ORM): Laravel includes an ORM called Eloquent, which makes it easier to work with relational databases by providing a simple, ActiveRecord-like interface.
  • Blade template engine: Laravel uses the Blade template engine to make it easier to create and maintain dynamic, data-driven views.
  • Artisan command-line interface: Laravel includes a command-line interface called Artisan, which provides a number of helpful commands for managing and developing your application.

Laravel is known for its simplicity and elegant syntax, making it a popular choice for developers building web applications.

PHP variables

Variable is an image or name that represents a worth. Factors are utilized for putting away qualities, for example, numeric qualities, characters, character strings, or memory addresses with the goal that they can be utilized in any piece of the program.

How to declare variable in PHP (Naming convention of variable in PHP)

  1. Variables start with the $ sign followed by the name of the variables
  2. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
  3. A variable name cannot start with a number
  4. A valuable name can only contain alpha numeric characters and underscores (A-z and _)
  5. Variable name are case sensitive ($age and $AGE are two different types of variables)
<?php
$txt = “Hello world!”;
$x = 2;
$y = 7;
?>

After the declaration of the statement above, the variable $txt will hold the value Hello world!, the variable $x will hold the value 2 and the variable $y will hold the value 7

User defined function in PHP

User defined function in php is quite a common thing. You can create User defined functions in PHP. User defined function is very useful feature in the programming language. User defined function allows you to create your own functions and use them anywhere in your application without worrying about the names of the functions. You can also specify parameters for these User defined functions and even return values as well as null values.

function functionName() {
  code to be executed;
}

For loop PHP

The FOR loop is a special construct that allows you to repeat blocks of code a certain number of times, without having to write out the whole thing each time. This is useful for iterating over collections, such as arrays, in order to perform some action.

It can be used when we know the how many times code will be repeated. FOR loops are executed from left to right (as opposed to WHILE loops which are executed from top to bottom). They also use an incrementing variable instead of a counter variable (which makes them more like a while loop than a while loop).

Syntax 

for (initial number; condition; increment number) {
  statement to be executed;
}

PHP do while Loop

The do while loop in PHP is a statement that executes a block of code while a certain condition is true. This can be used to implement an infinite loop, or to repeat a block of code zero or more times. The syntax for the do while loop looks like this:

do {
// code you want to execute
} while (condition);

It will first execute the code block and then check for the condition.

How to add comments in PHP?

A PHP comment is a line of code that is not run as part of the program. It’s sole function is to be readable by someone who is scanning the code. 

Comments may be employed for: 

  1.  Making your code clear to others.
  2. Remind yourself of what you accomplished, Most programmers have encountered the challenge of having to rediscover what they accomplished when returning to their own work after a year or two. 
  3. Comments might serve as a reminder of your thoughts when writing the code.

Example for adding comments in PHP code.

  1. Syntax for single line comment: 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// This is a single-line comment

# This is also a single-line comment
?>

</body>
</html>

2. Syntax for multiple line comment:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
/*
This is a multiple-lines comment block
that spans over multiple
lines
*/
?>

</body>
</html>

What is the difference between a session and cookies?

Difference between cookies and session is : Cookies stores the information on client browser and session stores the information on server. session and cookies are used to store the information.